提高杉木种子园种子产量及品质技术措施的研究

对湖南省东安县杉木无性系种子园施肥试验的结果表明：３、６、８月中旬每次每株各施尿素０．４ｋｇ、过磷酸钙０．３ｋｇ、氯化钾０．２ｋｇ为球花产量最高的施肥方案；施肥对当年的种子播种品质有影响，但不大；种子园大片母树不挂果的原因是土壤和树体中锰含量过高而树体中的硼元素缺乏，对此提出对土壤施石灰和对母树针叶喷Ｂ肥的改良措施；３—８月是杉木种子园施Ｎ、Ｐ．Ｋ肥最适宜时期；确定８月是杉木种子园母树营养诊断进行针叶分析的最佳采样时期，并制定出杉木种子园母树的针叶中全Ｎ含量为０．８％、全Ｐ含量为０．１２％、全Ｋ含量为０．７％是其临界值；针叶全Ｎ含量０．８—１．２％、全Ｋ含量０．７－０．９％是其最适浓度范围；中耕松土对种子园种子产量影响不明显。     

不同嫁接组合对西瓜植株生长及果实品质的影响

采用优质中大果型西瓜品种中科1号为接穗,常规一段嫁接用抗生王、超丰F1、西嫁强生、京欣砧3号、野生西瓜1号、野生西瓜2号为砧木,二段嫁接采用西嫁强生作基砧、超丰F1作中间砧,研究了常规一段嫁接法与二段嫁接法对西瓜生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,采用二段嫁接的西瓜植株生长势、抗枯萎病能力、单果质量、小区产量、中心可溶性固形物含量、瓜瓤果胶含量在所有嫁接组合中表现最佳,果实脆度与对照差异不显著。南瓜类砧木西嫁强生、京欣砧3号在生产上可大量推广,同时二段嫁接法具有一定的推广价值。     

陕西省粮食生产与粮食安全趋势预测

基于移动平均法,应用陕西省近31 a粮食产量数据对其未来10a粮食综合生产潜力进行了短期预测.结果表明:陕西省粮食单产提升幅度较小,年均每公顷增长46.2 kg;粮食总产上升缓慢,年均增长10万t;在粮食产量构成中,小麦产量及其比例下降,玉米产量及其比例上升,水稻与大豆产量及其比重变化较小;各粮食作物单产均稳步提升;人...     

奇台县粮食生产潜力变化过程分析

据奇台县多年气象数据和农业生产资料,应用方差分析外推法、农业生态区域法等方法,分析了温度和降水的变化特征、光温水生产潜力与粮食实际单产的关系.结果表明:温度和降水的整体变化过程可分为冷、干时段(1970-1981)、过渡时段(1982-1999)和暖、湿时段(2000-2006).预计今后平均温度(2007-2014年...     

南洋楹造林密度与施肥均匀设计试验

【目的】探讨栽植密度和施肥对南洋楹早期生长的影响,在揭示主要栽培因素与单株材积、蓄积量相关关系和回归模型的基础上,建立密度与施肥组合栽培模式,使良种、立地、施肥等技术要素合理配合,为经营南洋楹速生丰产林提供理论依据。【方法】采用均匀设计和随机完全区组设计试验法,对栽植密度和施肥量等4因素6水平按照均匀设计表 U6(64)建立南洋楹高效栽培试验方案;通过 Stepwise分析选择最优回归模型,确定主要栽培因素;采用 Uniform Design Version 3.00拟合林分产量与施肥量回归模型;通过二次响应面回归 Rsreg获得优化施肥量。【结果】不同试验处理的平均树高、平均胸径、单株材积和每蓄积量差异均达到极显著水平( P ＜0.01);影响南洋楹生长最主要的因素是栽植密度,从单株材积和每蓄积量平衡点考虑,最优栽植密度为3 m ×3 m;单株材积与施肥量的二次回归模型： Y3=6.54E－2+5.29E－8X22+3.47E－5X3－4.27E－5X4,复相关系数 R =0.9480,回归方程显著;优化拟合施肥量为：过磷酸钙(作基肥)274 g +尿素(作当年追肥)48 g +复合肥(作次年追肥)250 g,将此优化施肥量代入回归方程求得理论单株材积为0.0604 m3,比试验设计中单株材积最低值0.0443 m3提高36.3%;通过最优栽植密度和优化施肥栽培模式,蓄积量可达47.2905 m3·hm －2,比试验设计中最低值19.4040 m3·hm －2提高143.7%。【结论】南洋楹的速生特性在早期得到显著表达,对不同栽植密度和施肥响应积极,辅以集约栽培技术措施可以较好发掘南洋楹良种和土地的生产潜力。本研究采用均匀设计试验法建立了南洋楹最佳栽植密度与施肥组合模式,从尽可能少的试验次数中揭示出因素对指标的影响大小和规律,并且进行优化拟合设计,缩短了研究周期和提高了试验的准确性。     

GLS油茶无性系幼林产量构成规律的研究

分析GLS系列油茶无性系幼林的始产期产量构成变化规律,结果表明示范林始产期后产量构成表现为低产株数比例逐年降低,高产株数比例逐年提高;低产株数比例累积逐年减少,高产株数比例累积逐年增加;林分群体逐年由低比例高产植株承担群体低比率的产量向高产植株比例增加,同时承担群体产量也提高的趋势发展;林分群体产量逐年度增加。经营措施对油茶林分群体产量构成产生明显的影响,经营水平高的油茶无性系林分不挂果与低产级别的产量比率较低,高产级别植株级别的产量比率较高,林分整体产量高;经营水平可以决定着低产株积累量向高产株数积累增加的进程,经营水平越高,低产株积累量随年度降幅越大,林分群体产量越高。     

Forest recovery after clear-cutting in Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis) plantations of North China

In Hebei Province of North China, forest was recovered with natural recruitment in plantations with large area of clear-cutting Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis). This study was aimed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of recruits during the natural recruitment. Both plot survey and the spatial point-pattern analysis were performed. Five developmental stages of natural recruitment were selected and studied, including 1 year before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 years after clear-cutting. Different slope aspects were also included. Natural recruitment was always dominated by Chinese pine with a proportion of higher than 90%. For plots of 1 year before clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, recruit densities were 7886 and 5036 stems/hm2, the average heights were 0.78(±0.85) and 1.06(±1.15) m, and the average diameters at breast height(DBH) were 3.21(±1.38) and 2.91(±1.38) cm, respectively. After clear-cutting, recruit density was initially increased, then it was gradually declined with time; however, the variation of average DBH was contrary to that of recruit density. Both of them were no longer varied between 8 and 11 years after clear-cutting. The average height of recruits continued to increase after clear-cutting. For the plots of 11 years after clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, average heights of recruits reached 2.00(±1.14) and 2.24(±1.20) m, respectively. The statuses of recruits on north-facing slopes were better than those on east-facing slopes after clear-cutting. Meanwhile, recruits on east-facing slopes were always aggregated at small scales, while spatial pattern of recruits varied with time on north-facing slopes. Moreover, forest was recovered more quickly by natural recruitment than by artificial afforestation after clear-cutting. The structural diversity was higher in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations of the same age. Our results demonstrated that clear-cutting of Chinese pine plantations recovered by natural recruitment has the potential to be an effective approach for establishing multifunctional forest.     

巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响

研究了巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响，结果表明：在巨尾桉木屑栽培基质中，与对照菌株‘漳耳43-28’相比，新菌株43012和杂10菌丝长势好，污染率低，产量高，营养品质好，可以在福建等地推广示范。     

Evidence of clandestine harvest and failure of conservation policies for Argopecten purpuratus in the Rinconada Marine Reserve (Chile)

1. The study of Argopecten purpuratus reproduction, post‐larval settlement, stock size, and population size structure and shell growth was undertaken in the 2000s in the Rinconada marine reserve (Chile) to evaluate the effectiveness of scallop recruitment and self‐sustainability.
2. The results highlight strong seasonal and inter‐annual variations of environmental conditions and scallop gonadosomatic index, spat collection, benthic distribution, total abundance and population size structure.
3. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L_∞ = 120.12 mm and K = 0.9681; commercial size would be reached in about 17.2 months in the bay. Substrate availability, meteorological conditions, hydrodynamics and illegal harvesting explain spatial and temporal variations in scallop distribution and abundance.
4. Recruitment strength depends on one main cohort from year to year. While recruitment made up 81% and 94% of total abundances in May 2002 and May 2003, respectively, there were no overall density‐dependent relationships between stock size and recruitment. Spawning asynchrony in the bay supports the hypothesis that multiple gamete releases form part of a reproductive strategy in response to environmental variability.
5. The massive disappearance of large‐sized scallops during the study periods was direct evidence of overfishing owing to clandestine harvesting within the marine reserve. The failure of current legislation, strategies and policies for scallop conservation requires new regulations to restore scallop stock size, maintain its reproductive performance and limit illegal harvesting in the Rinconada.
6. A scenario allowing harvesting regulated by stock‐dependent fishing quotas would more efficiently ensure stock recovery and self‐sustainability. The modalities of this new policy are discussed.

     

不同有机肥处理对西瓜产量的影响

为探讨有机西瓜生产中适宜的有机肥种类及其施用量,采用基于根层实时调控的Nmin(miner-alized N,包括铵态氮和硝态氮)管理技术,研究了西瓜关键生育期进行有机肥的追肥处理对西瓜产量的影响。结果表明:各有机肥处理使西瓜产量明显提高,其中,传统有机肥处理产量最高(60.7 kg·hm-2),有机肥组合、有机肥组合+根层调控处理产量次之,分别为44.9 kg·hm-2和43.7 kg·hm-2。传统有机肥处理(CT)中土壤Nmin处于较高水平,在伸蔓期达到高峰(160 kg·hm-2)而后降低到100 kg·hm-2以下。推荐施用的有机肥种类为腐熟合格的鸡粪有机肥,施肥量可适当增加。